{"id":319,"date":"2026-09-16T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/?p=319"},"modified":"2026-09-02T10:47:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T08:47:58","slug":"crossgov-un-projet-europeen-pour-comprendre-et-gouverner-les-regions-transfrontalieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/index.php\/2026\/09\/16\/crossgov-un-projet-europeen-pour-comprendre-et-gouverner-les-regions-transfrontalieres\/","title":{"rendered":"CROSSGOV, un projet europ\u00e9en pour comprendre et gouverner les r\u00e9gions transfrontali\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet CROSSGOV, consacr\u00e9 aux r\u00e9gions fonctionnelles transfrontali\u00e8res en Europe, propose une nouvelle lecture des dynamiques de coop\u00e9ration territoriale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne. Financ\u00e9 dans le cadre du programme ESPON entre juillet 2024 et janvier 2026, il vise \u00e0 mieux comprendre comment les populations, les infrastructures et les institutions interagissent au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res nationales, dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par la fragmentation administrative et les crises r\u00e9centes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019initiative part d\u2019un constat politique et territorial : malgr\u00e9 plusieurs d\u00e9cennies d\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne, les r\u00e9gions frontali\u00e8res restent confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des obstacles structurels. Les dispositifs existants \u2014 march\u00e9 unique, programmes Interreg, Groupements europ\u00e9ens de coop\u00e9ration territoriale (GECT) ou Eurodistricts \u2014 ont permis des avanc\u00e9es importantes, notamment dans la r\u00e9duction des barri\u00e8res juridiques et administratives. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais les disparit\u00e9s institutionnelles, \u00e9conomiques et culturelles entre \u00c9tats membres continuent de limiter l\u2019int\u00e9gration effective des territoires transfrontaliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une approche territoriale des fronti\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le c\u0153ur du projet repose sur la notion de \u00ab zones fonctionnelles transfrontali\u00e8res \u00bb (Cross-Border Functional Areas, CBFAs), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des espaces dans lesquels les mobilit\u00e9s quotidiennes, les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques ou les interactions sociales d\u00e9passent les fronti\u00e8res \u00e9tatiques. CROSSGOV cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9passer les approches administratives classiques pour analyser les territoires selon leurs usages r\u00e9els.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet propose pour la premi\u00e8re fois une d\u00e9limitation harmonis\u00e9e de 85 zones fonctionnelles transfrontali\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle paneurop\u00e9enne, au niveau municipal. Cette cartographie s\u2019appuie sur cinq indicateurs pond\u00e9r\u00e9s : densit\u00e9 de population, temps de d\u00e9placement transfrontalier en voiture, donn\u00e9es de mobilit\u00e9 issues de Twitter, connectivit\u00e9 sociale issue de Facebook et \u00e9valuation harmonis\u00e9e des risques naturels. L\u2019analyse couvre les corridors frontaliers terrestres ainsi que certaines liaisons maritimes de courte dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/84137987-C548-4EE9-B249-EF8DB8E10119-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/84137987-C548-4EE9-B249-EF8DB8E10119-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/84137987-C548-4EE9-B249-EF8DB8E10119-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/84137987-C548-4EE9-B249-EF8DB8E10119-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/coeureuropa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/84137987-C548-4EE9-B249-EF8DB8E10119-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette m\u00e9thodologie permet d\u2019identifier diff\u00e9rents niveaux d\u2019intensit\u00e9 fonctionnelle, depuis les noyaux urbains fortement int\u00e9gr\u00e9s jusqu\u2019aux p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries rurales ou montagneuses. Les exemples \u00e9tudi\u00e9s incluent notamment le Trinational Eurodistrict Basel entre la Suisse, l\u2019Allemagne et la France, l\u2019espace frontalier hispano-portugais, l\u2019espace du Mont-Blanc entre la France, l\u2019Italie et la Suisse, ainsi que la r\u00e9gion de Kras-Carso-Trieste entre l\u2019Italie et la Slov\u00e9nie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gouvernance, coop\u00e9ration et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au-del\u00e0 de la cartographie, CROSSGOV d\u00e9veloppe un vaste compendium des structures de gouvernance transfrontali\u00e8re en Europe. Le projet analyse 199 initiatives de coop\u00e9ration couvrant l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019espace ESPON, en distinguant les structures formelles et informelles, les niveaux institutionnels impliqu\u00e9s et les th\u00e9matiques de coop\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019\u00e9tude met en \u00e9vidence la diversit\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes de gouvernance existants, mais aussi leurs limites. Plusieurs cas r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un d\u00e9calage entre les p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres institutionnels et les dynamiques fonctionnelles r\u00e9elles des territoires. La fermeture des fronti\u00e8res pendant la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 la fragilit\u00e9 de certains dispositifs de coop\u00e9ration, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions fortement int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e9conomiquement et socialement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette dimension politique est centrale dans le projet. CROSSGOV consid\u00e8re les r\u00e9gions frontali\u00e8res comme des laboratoires de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne, mais aussi comme des espaces expos\u00e9s aux tensions entre souverainet\u00e9 nationale et gouvernance multiniveaux. L\u2019objectif affich\u00e9 est d\u2019aider les politiques europ\u00e9ennes, nationales et r\u00e9gionales \u00e0 construire des instruments plus adapt\u00e9s aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s territoriales et \u00e0 \u00e9viter les approches uniformes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Donn\u00e9es, atlas interactifs et \u00e9tudes de cas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet produit \u00e9galement plusieurs outils num\u00e9riques destin\u00e9s aux d\u00e9cideurs publics, chercheurs et acteurs territoriaux. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/gis-portal.espon.eu\/arcgis\/apps\/sites\/#\/espon-hub\/pages\/crossgov?preview=true\">CROSSGOV Hub, h\u00e9berg\u00e9 sur le portail ESPON<\/a>, centralise des atlas interactifs, des analyses th\u00e9matiques et des visualisations sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 quarante couples frontaliers europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les analyses portent notamment sur la mobilit\u00e9, l\u2019environnement, les risques climatiques, l\u2019\u00e9conomie, les liens sociaux et la gouvernance. Dix \u00e9tudes de cas approfondies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans des contextes territoriaux vari\u00e9s afin d\u2019observer les diff\u00e9rentes formes d\u2019int\u00e9gration transfrontali\u00e8re. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet examine ainsi le <strong>Trinational Eurodistrict Basel<\/strong>, espace trinational structur\u00e9 autour de l\u2019agglom\u00e9ration b\u00e2loise, la <strong>Grande R\u00e9gion<\/strong> entre le Luxembourg, la Belgique, l\u2019Allemagne et la France, ainsi que la <strong>r\u00e9gion Helsinki-Tallinn<\/strong>, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des flux maritimes et num\u00e9riques intenses entre les deux capitales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019\u00e9tude inclut \u00e9galement la <strong>r\u00e9gion du Fehmarnbelt<\/strong> entre l\u2019Allemagne et le Danemark, les villes jumelles de <strong>Kom\u00e1rno-Kom\u00e1rom<\/strong> entre la Slovaquie et la Hongrie, ainsi que <strong>Gm\u00fcnd et \u010cesk\u00e9 Velenice<\/strong> entre l\u2019Autriche et la R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que. D\u2019autres cas portent sur le corridor urbain de <strong>Newry-Dundalk<\/strong> entre l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Irlande du Nord, <strong>l\u2019Eurocity EUROBEC<\/strong> entre Badajoz, Elvas et Campo Maior \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re hispano-portugaise, la r\u00e9gion de <strong>Kras-Carso-Trieste<\/strong> entre l\u2019Italie et la Slov\u00e9nie, ainsi que le trinational <strong>Espace Mont-Blanc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le consortium du projet r\u00e9unit plusieurs universit\u00e9s et organismes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s, parmi lesquels la Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, le Politecnico di Torino, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Helsinki et l\u2019Association of European Border Regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CROSSGOV part d\u2019un constat : malgr\u00e9 plusieurs d\u00e9cennies d\u2019int\u00e9gration , les r\u00e9gions frontali\u00e8res restent confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des obstacles. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - 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